INDERTIMINATE DETERMINISTIC UNIVERSE
Leghorn, 14 August 2023
Let's imagine we're standing in front of an immense library. This library is unique in that it doesn't contain books; instead, it consists of individual book pages arranged side by side and on different levels of shelves (grey and sky blue squares in the scheme).
Each level of pages is numbered sequentially from bottom to top. Moreover, we're told that this vast library contains only the story of Little Red Riding Hood in many different versions, and we need to follow a specific procedure to construct one version.
After taking a page from level 1, we can add the next page from the upper level by choosing it from those adjacent to the one just selected from the lower level. We repeat this process for all levels of the library until we have assembled a book with all the pages in numerical order.
The pages are all different but arranged in such a way that each tells a coherent part of the story consistent with the adjacent lower and higher pages. Consequently, we would have adjacent pages that differ only in minor details, while distant pages, even on the same level, will have very different content.
Regardless of our choices, the book we assemble will tell a coherent and engaging story of Little Red Riding Hood. Each time we read a page, we'll feel that the continuation is uncertain, with many possible options, although not all imaginable. The past narrative serves as a necessary element to accommodate the new information in the story.
In reality, the story has already been written in various versions; we've been given the opportunity to "choose" which page to read, one after another.
We can take this metaphor to provide a unique physical interpretation by combining string theory and quantum physics:
The library represents the concept of a block universe consisting of a system of parallel universes where "our choices" navigate us through all possible ones (thus adjacent to the one we live in). This implies that the universe is deterministic, already written, but not yet defined for our experience since the path has "infinite" possible trajectories.
The trajectory of our path in the library is what we call "time dimension", that in reality is a spatial dimension that allows us to traverse all possible parallel universes coherently, conferring continuity to something like the jump between universes, which would otherwise be discontinuous. Just as any known spatial dimension to our senses does not allow us to jump enormous distances instantly, similarly time binds us to move from contiguous universes, and thus different but similar, maintaining an apparent coherence to the system (hence, we don't see a unicorn suddenly appearing in our house, even though there may be a page, very distant from us but now inaccessible, where this animal exists and is right in our house, but we would have had it if we had made different "choices" many pages ago). There is no past and future, only a present made up of a pre-designed and defined playground in which we can traverse with different trajectories. In the end, Achilles overtakes the tortoise because the time-space dimension is not continuous but has the thickness of a page, namely the "Planck time", so turning the page we will have a "sudden" overtaking.
The book in the composition phase, containing all the possible alternative stories told by the pages subsequently reachable, represents quantum phenomena. That is, until we have encountered the page where Red Riding Hood's color is mentioned, or some other information that would allow us to identify her even afterwards, it has a state of all possible colors with the information contained in the pages of the book assembled up to that moment. When we become aware directly or indirectly of the information, it is not this that determines the state of Red Riding Hood's color but it is only the consequence of having taken a particular trajectory. The equations of quantum physics indicate all the possible states of adjacent parallel universes where we could end up in the next moment. If we eliminate the concept of time as past and future but only present, it is logical to expect that there is an "overlap" of states until the moment we have "chosen". In such a scenario, non-local correlations (read entanglement) are not an anomaly since they don't need to exchange information at a distance because their effect is already determined a priori in a completely coherent way; it's just us who don't know in advance which next page we will "choose", where this phenomenon has already been described in a particular way.
Further considerations on this idea:
When does the block universe end: it ends when all the pages on the same shelf level are identical and therefore indistinguishable, meaning when entropy is at its maximum. Is this perhaps the explanation for why entropy tends to increase as one ascends the shelf?
What are black holes in this scenario: they are points of contact with other block universes where passage occurs along the third degree of freedom, "temporal." One no longer travels solely vertically and horizontally in the library but also in depth, i.e., on other parallel libraries where different stories, or different physical laws, are present.
How was the block universe constructed (all the pages present in the library) and how does it remain coherent: to complete the labyrinth game, it is easier to start from a random point and trace the path to reach the only exit, or is it more efficient to start from the exit and trace a trajectory to a random point in the labyrinth? Obviously, the latter. Furthermore, by following this method, all the trajectories we trace are "winning" (i.e., coherent), and we have no points of discontinuity. I don't know who or what built the block universe, but I would bet it was constructed starting from the end of the story rather than the beginning. With this suggestion, we can also say that our speed along the temporal degree of freedom 1 (vertically in the library) is negative as it was constructed, and therefore there may be possibilities to read the story in reverse once the upper limit of the library is reached.
Leghorn, 7 Novembre 2020
Time have two dimensions (at least!).Time doesn’t have just one dimension.
It can be warped by gravity in various directions, suggesting at least two dimensions (Tx, Ty).
Human capabilities, along with our measuring instruments, have developed to observe and measure solely one time dimension (Tx). This limitation arises from our standard experiences, which do not typically involve significant gravitational variations to appreciate the additional dimension (Ty) resulting from time curvature.
The implications of this hypothesis are depicted in the following diagram: at a given Universal Time (UT, though this term is already in use for another purpose, it would aptly fit this context), individuals experiencing timeline A would perceive a faster passage of time along dimension Tx compared to those on timelines B and C, which are more severely bent.
Consequently, objects in regions with varying gravity experience differing speeds of time along a given direction (x, y, etc.). While Universal Time (UT) remains constant throughout the universe, our ability to observe and measure is limited to a single direction, leading us to perceive differences represented by TxA, TxB, and TxC.
Further reflections on this concept include:
Quantum Theory: what we assume “strange” like an object with different positions at the same time and like we live in a “non deterministic world”, could be explained by what we cannot see and therefore foresee on component Ty to all objects with a timeline more bent than ours. If we could measure the speed along direction Ty we could understand the trajectory of the both small particles and big objects. It’s anymore a matter to play dice!
Wave Function: the wave function is what we built to include our ignorance of what happens on Ty and we assume that it collapses during the observation. In reality when we observe, it’s our own ignorance collapsing only in the exact moment of the measurement on Tx but our ignorance on direction Ty continues to exist and to influence the following results. If we were able to observe Ty, would the wave function change from probabilistic to deterministic?
Black Holes: the gravity within the event horizon is so elevated that its timeline bends to reach 90° (or more) compared to ours timeline direction; as a result of this timeline direction within blackholes anything which is inside them can not be observed from our point of view anymore, because that same area doesn’t belong to our space since it doesn’t have any positive component along direction Tx, which is ours. It’s a real wormhole?
Relativity: time is relative or better, time components are relative! They depend on which timeline we used as reference. Who is on timeline B will be static compared who is on the timeline with 90° angle compared with his (and not anymore compared to Tx).
Possible falsification experiment of the idea:
The greater the curvature of the temporal dimension, the higher the speed along Ty, so we should expect a wave function that changes, increasing the probabilities in distant regions and decreasing in the central one.
Repeating the measurement of a particle's positions under different gravity scenarios, we should obtain probabilities that depend on the level of gravity.